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近期值得关注的十大 Layer 2 项目

十大 LAYER 值得关注
2024-06-12 08:53:29
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随着 DeFi（去中心化金融）的爆发式增长

以太坊

，Layer 2 项目的重要性变得更加明显。随着对可扩展且经济高效的解决方案的需求不断增加，一些 Layer 2 项目脱颖而出。让我们来探索 10 个最值得关注的 Layer 2 项目，这些项目有望在不久的将来产生重大影响

@Learn_With_Fullo

第 1 层向第 2 层过渡

从 2021 年到 2022 年

，以太坊等 Layer 1 区块链平台经历了严重的拥堵和高昂的交易成本，这主要是由于其工作量证明 (PoW) 机制。这导致交易速度缓慢和运营效率低下。为了应对这种情况，出现了几个新的 Layer 1 项目，旨在通过提供更好的性能和可扩展性来超越和取代以太坊。

然而，

以太坊

2.0 将以太坊从 PoW 过渡到权益证明 (PoS)，极大地改变了竞争格局。升级后，很明显，几乎没有第 1 层平台可以与以太坊增强的功能相媲美。到 2023 年，发生了一个显著的转变：许多项目开始将其模型从第 1 层转变为第 2 层，以利用以太坊强大的生态系统，而不是直接与之竞争。

如今，以太坊仍占据市场主导地位。转型成为以太坊的第 2 层解决方案似乎比直接与以太坊平台竞争更具战略意义。

以太坊 2.0 对 Layer-2 项目的影响

以太坊

2.0

标志着一次重大升级，旨在提高以太坊区块链的速度、效率和可扩展性。到 2024 年 1 月，以太坊预计将整合 Danksharding（包括 Proto-Danksharding），从而可能将吞吐量提高到每秒 100,000 笔交易（TPS）。这些进步将在几个方面显著影响第 2 层网络：

增强第 2 层的可扩展性和效率
：Danksharding 将减轻缓慢且昂贵的交易，优化第 2 层解决方案的效率，并使其对区块链企业来说更可行、更具成本效益。
降低第 2 层的交易费用
：Proto-Danksharding 有望降低交易成本，使第 2 层解决方案对广泛的用户（从经验丰富的 DeFi 玩家到新手）更具吸引力。
以太坊 L1 和 L2 之间的无缝协作
：对第 2 层汇总和序列器的支持得到改进，将促进更顺畅的集成，允许用户无需离开第 2 层应用程序即可快速进行交易。
Improved User Experience: Users will benefit from faster confirmation times, less network congestion, and lower gas fees, enhancing their overall experience with Ethereum and Layer-2 solutions.

Ethereum 2.0 does not render Layer-2 solutions obsolete; instead, it fosters a symbiotic relationship where both Ethereum 2.0 and Layer-2 networks co-evolve to deliver a more scalable and efficient blockchain ecosystem. This collaboration is crucial for meeting the future demands of decentralized applications (dApps) and decentralized finance (DeFi).

Notable Layer-2 Projects

Arbitrum

以太坊

stands out as one of the pioneering and most prominent Layer-2 projects on the network. Utilizing Optimistic Rollups technology, Arbitrum can process transactions up to 10 times faster than Ethereum’s mainnet and reduce gas costs by up to 95%. With an impressive throughput of up to 4,000 TPS, Arbitrum has solidified its position within the Ethereum ecosystem. As of January 2024, Arbitrum holds over 51% of the total value locked (TVL) among leading Layer-2 projects.

Backed by major investment funds like Pantera Capital and Coinbase Ventures, Arbitrum has successfully raised $123 million.

Optimism

乐观

以太坊

, another leading Layer-2 project, employs Optimistic Rollups to enhance ’s performance and scalability. It can handle up to 4,000 TPS, making transaction processing up to 26 times faster and reducing gas fees by up to 90% compared to Ethereum’s mainnet. Optimism serves as the foundation for many DeFi applications, NFT marketplaces, and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Its native token, OP, is used for transaction fees, staking, and network governance, offering an attractive investment opportunity.

Optimism has successfully raised $267.5 million from top investors like a16z and Coinbase Ventures.

Polygon

多边形

以太坊

, a prominent Layer-2 solution, uses its own Proof of Stake (PoS) chain to process transactions, providing faster speeds and lower costs compared to . With a capacity to handle over 65,000 TPS and low transaction fees, Polygon is ideal for NFT marketplaces and trading applications. Its robust ecosystem includes integrations with major DeFi protocols like Aave, SushiSwap, and Curve, as well as NFT platforms such as OpenSea and Rarible.

Supported by major partners like Starbucks, Reddit, and Nike, Polygon has raised $457 million from investors such as Coinbase Ventures and Binance Labs.

Base

Base is a new Layer-2 project developed by Coinbase, built on the

以太坊

Stack technology from Optimistic to leverage ’s high security and EVM compatibility. With strong backing from Coinbase—one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges with over $100 billion in ecosystem assets—Base has significant potential to become a leading Layer-2 solution.

Base aims to utilize Coinbase’s extensive network of tools and decentralized applications to build and expand its ecosystem.

Manta Network

Manta Network distinguishes itself with its focus on security and privacy, using advanced Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) technology to protect user privacy and enable anonymous transactions on

以太坊

Recognized for its robust security and efficiency, Manta Network has raised $60 million from investment groups like The Spartan Group and Binance Labs.

Starknet

Starknet is an advanced Layer-2 project utilizing STARK (Scalable Transparent Argument of Knowledge) technology to process thousands of transactions per second at low costs. Starknet’s 2024 development plans include expanding its ecosystem and improving user experiences, aiming to reduce transaction fees through integration with

以太坊

’s EIP-4844 and other innovations like the Volition mode.

Starknet has attracted $285 million from leading investors such as Paradigm and Pantera Capital.

Immutable X

不可变的

以太坊

X is a specialized Layer-2 platform for NFTs on the network, employing ZK-STARK technology to ensure the security and efficiency of digital assets. Backed by the IMX cryptocurrency, Immutable X promises to revolutionize the gaming and NFT industries.

With an investment of $322 million from Coinbase Ventures and Continue Capital, Immutable X is becoming the go-to choice for NFT-related projects.

Linea

Developed by ConsenSys—the parent company of well-known projects like Metamask and Infura—Linea is a zk Rollup Layer-2 solution that uses zkEVM technology. This technology enables Linea to offer better product development experiences and high compatibility with

以太坊

, allowing decentralized applications (DApps) to easily migrate from Ethereum to Linea.

Metis

梅蒂斯

is a Layer-2 project leveraging the Optimistic Rollups model to ensure secure and efficient transactions on Ethereum. It supports a diverse ecosystem including DeFi, NFT, and GameFi projects.

Supported by OKX Ventures and Genblock Capital, Metis has raised $11 million and continues to foster a vibrant and diverse ecosystem.

zkSync

zkSync is a pioneering Layer-2 solution that implements groundbreaking zk-rollup technology to scale

以太坊

. Its goal is to enhance Ethereum’s throughput while preserving core values like decentralization, autonomy, and scalability.

With backing from major investors like a16z and Coinbase Ventures, zkSync has successfully raised $458 million and is growing rapidly with numerous DeFi, Bridge, NFT, and DAO projects within its ecosystem.

Which Layer-2 Projects to Invest In?

When choosing to invest in Layer-2 projects, consider the following factors:

EVM Compatibility: Prioritize Layer-2 solutions compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), such as Arbitrum, zkSync Era, and Linea.
Scalability and Efficiency: Look for projects with high scalability and low costs, especially for financial applications.
安全性
：确保 Layer-2 项目保持与以太坊主网类似的高度去中心化和安全性。与 Optimistic Rollups 相比，ZK-Rollups 通常提供更强的安全性。
互操作性
：评估项目与以太坊生态系统内其他网络交互的有效程度。
运营历史
：根据开发人员和用户的评论，寻找具有可靠性和性能的二层网络。